The Use And Abuse Of History :: essays research papers

The Use and Abuse of History By Friedrich Nietzsche Forward "Incidentally, I despise everything which merely instructs me without increasing or immediately enlivening my activity." These are Goethe's words. With them, as with a heartfelt expression of Ceterum censeo [I judge otherwise], our consideration of the worth and the worthlessness of history may begin. For this work is to set down why, in the spirit of Goethe's saying, we must seriously despise instruction without vitality, knowledge which enervates activity, and history as an expensive surplus of knowledge and a luxury, because we lack what is still most essential to us and because what is superfluous is hostile to what is essential. To be sure, we need history. But we need it in a manner different from the way in which the spoilt idler in the garden of knowledge uses it, no matter how elegantly he may look down on our coarse and graceless needs and distresses. That is, we need it for life and action, not for a comfortable turning away from life and action or merely for glo ssing over the egotistical life and the cowardly bad act. We wish to use history only insofar as it serves living. But there is a degree of doing history and a valuing of it through which life atrophies and degenerates. To bring this phenomenon to light as a remarkable symptom of our time is every bit as necessary as it may be painful. I have tried to describe a feeling which has often enough tormented me. I take my revenge on this feeling when I expose it to the general public. Perhaps with such a description someone or other will have reason to point out to me that he also knows this particular sensation but that I have not felt it with sufficient purity and naturalness and definitely have not expressed myself with the appropriate certainty and mature experience. Perhaps one or two will respond in this way. However, most people will tell me that this feeling is totally wrong, unnatural, abominable, and absolutely forbidden, that with it, in fact, I have shown myself unworthy of the powerful historical tendency of the times, as it has been, by common knowledge, observed for the past two generations, particularly among the Germans. Whatever the reaction, now that I dare to expose myself with this natural description of my feeling, common decency will be fostered rather than shamed, because I am providing many oppor tunities for a contemporary tendency like the reaction just mentioned to make polite pronouncements.

The Man Who Was Almost A Man

Richard Wright’s â€Å"The Man Who Was Almost a Man† is a story of a 17-year-old teenaged boy, Dave, who wanted to be called a completely grown up man.He was though approaching adulthood but still was an adolescent and he was viewed as an adolescent and a kid by the adults. This was the most annoying factor for him. However, Dave possessed certain qualities that really represented childish behavior in him. Because of his childish attitude many people won’t believe in him as a grown up mature man.The story themes are centered on racial differences, poverty and sufferings of a black youth. He’s disgusted at being still too young. He wants to get old and rich and wanted to become a respectable citizen of the society. However, whatever actions the emotional and anxious kid takes are ridiculed and makes him younger in adult’s eyes. David Glover was from a poor family with not enough resources to develop a social status. He lacked economical influence and his social status was negligible because of poverty.In the story he acted in a way to acquire power but was rebuked and threatened by the adults for behaving childishly. He takes the gun to make and think of himself more powerful. â€Å"It was empty if anybody could shoot a gun, he could. He put the gun into his hip pocket and started across the fields. When he reached the top of a ridge he stood straight and proud in the moonlight, looking at Jim Hawkins’ big white house, feeling the gun sagging in his pocket.† (Wright)â€Å"  Ã¢â‚¬ËœWhut yuh do wid tha gun?’ his mother asked.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"’What wuz he doin wida gun?’ his father asked.†He was obsessed with the feelings of adulthood. He finally decides to get apart from a society that does not accept him as an adult. Dave is portrayed as an emotional kid who wants power, fame and high social status. He strives that the society should accept him as a noble man.â€Å"Dave turned and walked slowly. He heard people laughing. Dave glared~ his eyes welling with tears. Hot anger bubbled in him. Then he swallowed and stumbled on.† (Wright) Though people used to laugh on him he was still very serious regarding his actions and to be a man.†That night Dave did not sleep. He was glad that he had gotten out of killing the mule so easily, but he was hurt.† (Wright)He’s a kind of emotional, childish and lacked an understanding that why was he not accepted as a man.Richard Wright himself as a black narrates the difficulties he encounters as a black person while dealing with whites. He encountered whites during is professional career at jobs. He noticed violence and discrimination against blacks.Wright is a deliberate man who struggles through his life years. Other characters in the stories are also vibrant and well-drawn but Wright is shown as the most powerful and influential of all. As we go through the complete book we get more familiar with his charact er and how he’s being hurt. His pain is that why such dishonesty persist in this world.Most of the black characters are usually ridiculed for any of their set backs or made the point of humor. They’re shown as fat and whatever they do as funny. American culture is filled up with racial discrimination from school, education, and business to film, media, screen and shows. Color has become an integral part of our society and we don’t have much to talk about if we would no discriminate between colors and whites as inferiors and supers respectively.   

World War II The Doolittle Raid

The Doolittle Raid was an early American operation during World War II (1939-1945) that was conducted on April 18, 1942. Forces Commanders American Lieutenant Colonel James DoolittleVice Admiral William Halsey16 B-25 Mitchell bombers Background In the weeks after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, US President Franklin D. Roosevelt issued a directive that efforts be made to directly strike Japan as soon as possible. First proposed at a meeting with the Joint Chiefs of Staff on December 21, 1941, Roosevelt believed that a raid would achieve a degree of retribution, as well as would show the Japanese people that they were not invulnerable to attack. A potential mission was also seen as a way to boost flagging American morale while causing the Japanese people to doubt their leaders. While ideas for meeting the presidents request were being sought, Captain Francis Low, the US Navys Assistant Chief of Staff for Anti-Submarine Warfare, conceived a possible solution for hitting the Japanese home islands. Doolittle Raid: A Daring Idea While at Norfolk, Low noticed several US Army medium bombers taking off from a runway which featured the outline of an aircraft carrier deck. Investigating further, he found that it would be possible for these types of aircraft to take off from a carrier at sea. Presenting this concept to the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Ernest J. King, the idea was approved and planning commenced under the command of famed aviator Lieutenant Colonel James Jimmy Doolittle. An all-around aviation pioneer and former military pilot, Doolittle had returned to active duty in 1940 and had been working with auto manufacturers to convert their plants to producing aircraft. Assessing Lows idea, Doolittle initially hoped to take off from a carrier, bomb Japan, and then land at bases near Vladivostok in the Soviet Union. At that point, the aircraft could be turned over the Soviets under the guise of Lend-Lease. Though the Soviets were approached, they denied the use of their bases as they were not at war with the Japanese and did not wish to risk violating their 1941 neutrality pact with Japan. As a result, Doolittles bombers would be forced to fly 600 miles further and land at bases in China. Moving forward with planning, Doolittle required an aircraft capable of flying approximately 2,400 miles with a bomb load of 2,000 pounds. After assessing medium bombers such as the Martin B-26 Marauder and Douglas B-23 Dragon, he selected the North American B-25B Mitchell for the mission as it could be adapted to achieve the range and payload required as well as possessed a carrier-friendly size. To assure that the B-25 was the correct aircraft, two were successfully flown off USS Hornet (CV-8) near Norfolk, on February 2, 1942. Preparations With the results of this test, the mission was immediately approved and Doolittle was instructed to select crews from the 17th Bomb Group (Medium). The most veteran of all US Army Air Forces B-25 groups, the 17th BG was immediately transferred from Pendleton, OR to Lexington County Army Air Field in Columbia, SC under the cover of flying maritime patrols off the coast. In early February, the 17 BGs crews were offered the opportunity to volunteer for an unspecified, extremely hazardous mission. On February 17, the volunteers were detached from the Eighth Air Force and assigned to III Bomber Command with orders to commence specialized training. Initial mission planning called for the use of 20 aircraft in the raid and as a result 24 B-25Bs were sent to the Mid-Continent Airlines modification center in Minneapolis, Minn.  for alterations specific to the mission. To provide security, a detachment of the 710th Military Police Battalion from Fort Snelling was assigned to the airfield.  Among the changes made in the aircraft was the removal of the lower gun turret and Norden bombsights, as well as the installation of additional fuel tanks and de-icing equipment. To replace the Norden bombsights, a makeshift aiming device, nicknamed the Mark Twain, was devised by Captain C. Ross Greening. Meanwhile, Doolittles crews trained relentlessly at Eglin Field in Florida where they practiced carrier takeoffs, low-altitude flying and bombing, and night flying. Putting to Sea Departing Eglin on March 25, the raiders flew their specialized aircraft to McClellan Field, CA for final modifications. Four days later the 15 aircraft selected for the mission and one reserve aircraft were flown to Alameda, CA where they were loaded aboard Hornet. Sailing on April 2, Hornet rendezvoused with the US Navy blimp  L-8  the next day to receive parts to complete the final set of modifications on the aircraft. Continuing west, the carrier joined with  Vice Admiral William F. Halseys Task Force 18 north of Hawaii. Centered on the carrier USS Enterprise, (CV-6), TF18 was to provide cover for Hornet during the mission. Combined, the American force consisted of the two carriers, the heavy cruisers USS  Salt Lake City, USS  Northampton, and USS  Vincennes, the light cruiser USS  Nashville, eight destroyers, and two oilers. Sailing west under strict radio silence, the fleet was refueled on April 17 before the oilers withdrew east with the destroyers. Speeding forward, the cruisers and carriers pushed deep into Japanese waters. At 7:38 a.m. on April 18, the American ships were spotted by the Japanese picket boat No. 23 Nitto Maru. Though quickly sunk by USS Nashville, the crew was able to radio an attack warning to Japan. Though 170 miles short of their intended launch point, Doolittle met with Captain Marc Mitscher, Hornets commander, to discuss the situation. Striking Japan Deciding to launch early, Doolittles crews manned their aircraft and began taking off at 8:20 a.m. As the mission had been compromised, Doolittle elected to utilize the reserve aircraft in the raid. Aloft by 9:19 a.m, the 16 aircraft proceeded towards Japan in groups of two to four aircraft before dropping down to low altitude to avoid detection. Coming ashore, the raiders spread out and struck ten targets in Tokyo, two in Yokohama, and one each in Kobe, Osaka, Nagoya, and Yokosuka. For the attack, each aircraft carried three high explosive bombs and one incendiary bomb. With one exception, all of the aircraft delivered their ordnance and enemy resistance was light. Turning southwest, fifteen of the raiders steered for China, while one, low on fuel, made for the Soviet Union. As they proceeded, the China-bound aircraft quickly realized that they lacked the fuel to reach their intended bases due to the earlier departure. This led to each aircrew being forced to ditch their aircraft and parachute to safety or attempt a crash landing. The 16th B-25 succeeded in landing in Soviet territory where the plane was confiscated and the crew interned. Aftermath As the raiders landed in China, most were aided by local Chinese forces or civilians. One raider, Corporal Leland D. Faktor, died while bailing out. For aiding the American airmen, the Japanese unleashed the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign which ultimately killed around 250,000 Chinese civilians. The survivors of two crews (8 men) were captured by the Japanese and three were executed after a show trial. A fourth died while a prisoner. The crew that landed in the Soviet Union escaped internment in 1943 when they were able to cross into Iran. Though the raid inflicted little damage on Japan, it provided a much-needed boost to American morale and forced the Japanese to recall fighter units to defend the home islands. The use of land-based bombers also confused the Japanese and when asked by reporters where the attack had originated, Roosevelt replied, They came from our secret base at Shangri-La. Landing in China, Doolittle believed the raid to have been a dismal failure due to the loss of the aircraft and the minimal damage inflicted. Expecting to be court-martialed upon his return, he was instead awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor and directly promoted to brigadier general. Sources Doolittle Raid RememberedWorld War II: Doolittle Raid

The Death Penalty Should Be Abolished - 968 Words

Every year, thousands of lives are legally taken under the death penalty. Why should we take more lives than the ones that have already been taken? The death penalty is the punishment of execution, carried out legally against an individual convicted of a capital crime. Its proponents argue that the death penalty deters other criminals who may intend to commit similar crimes in the future. However, there is little statistical evidence to support this claim. Also, execution eliminates the criminal and, therefore, ensures that they never commit the same crime. â€Å"As of April 1, 2008, the Death Penalty was authorized by 37 states, the Federal Government, and the U.S. Military† (The Death Penalty in The United States). Indicating that 13 states and the District of Columbia are the only ones who do not have the death penalty. The death penalty should be abolished in all 50 states. From an economic standpoint, the death penalty is expensive, and life imprisonment can be cheaper. Performing the death penalty is often a long, extenuated process; some prisoners sit on death row for years before being put to death. For instance, â€Å"maintaining the California death penalty system costs taxpayers more than $114 million a year beyond the cost of simply keeping the convicts locked up for life† (Death Penalty Information Center). This amount does not include additional court costs for post-conviction, hearings in state and federal courts, so the real amount is estimated to exceed severalShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1192 Words   |  5 PagesNo Death Penalty Capital crime is something that is meant for people that are found guilty of committing a serious crime, such as murder, rape, or theft. These are offences that should not be taken lightly but by killing the offender, the government is carrying about the action that they are trying to prevent. Also, the wrong person may be sentenced to death. After this person is executed, there is obviously nothing that can be done for the terrible mistake to be reversed. The death penalty shouldRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. The Death Penalty982 Words   |  4 PagesShould the death penalty be abolished? The death penalty is a â€Å"term that applies to capital punishment and is the worst penalty given for committing a murder or an atrocious assault.† (Black s Law Dictionary). Death penalty has been a part of human society and is legally approved for centuries. The first established death penalty laws date as far back as the Eighteenth Century B.C. in the Code of King Hammaurabi of Babylon, which codified the death penalty for 25 different crimes. Death sentencesRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1925 Words   |  8 Pages Abstract This paper explores five published articles that report on discussion on the very old and yet to answer question of whether the death penalty in the USA should be abolished? The articles, however, vary in their stand on death penalty. In all article it is very different on publisher stand. They discuss thing argument with their own way and vision of thinking. Adina Nicoleta (2011) has raised question for fair trial on the proceeding of the criminal cases. In other article Maestro MarcelloRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1534 Words   |  7 PagesIntro The death penalty gives humans in our legal system rights to decide who deserves to live, a power only God should possess. Capital Punishment takes away our rights as equals. From its origins, the death penalty has been an inhumane, costly, ineffective, and biased form of punishment that needs to be abolished granting everyone their right to live. History of the Death Penalty Down through history, the death penalty has been adapted to be justifiable in the eyes of the people. By alteringRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1523 Words   |  7 Pagescriminals has been performed by nearly every society to date. The death penalty came to the Americas when European settlers brought the idea of capitol punishment from Britain. The ideology behind taking someone’s life for crimes they have committed is a simple one. If a person commits a hennas crime such as murder or rape, they shall receive the death penalty. In more recent times we now see many countries abolishing the death penalty. The trend suggests that the capitol punishment policies still implementedRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1306 Words   |  6 Pageschanged since the 17th century, so why not the age old penalty of death? Capital punishment in the United States is a highly debated topic. Arguments that want to get rid of this method of punishment usually mention th e many problems that capital punishment is plagued with. The death penalty has many issues that cannot be resolved, and since these issues can’t be solved, the death penalty should be abolished. â€Å"The irrevocable nature of the death penalty renders it an unsustainable and indefensible remedyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1440 Words   |  6 PagesThe death penalty is a very controversial topic in the United States. It is implemented for the purpose of providing safety to the community and bringing justice to victims and their families. The death penalty is legal in thirty-one states (â€Å"31 States†), and there are over forty different types of federal capital crimes that are eligible for the death penalty. These include crimes such as treason and kidnapping that results in murder (â€Å"41 Federal†). However, many argue whether the death penalty isRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1350 Words   |  6 PagesShould the death pe nalty be abolished? The death penalty, also known as capital punishment is a legal procedure in which a state executes a person for crimes he/she has committed. This punishment has been used by many states, and is normally used for serious crimes, especially murder. It is also used on crimes against the state such as treason, crimes against humanity, espionage, and violent crimes while other states use it as part of military justice. There are mixed reactions on capital punishmentRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?1443 Words   |  6 Pages 6 Should the Death Penalty Be Abolished in the United States? Adalynne Francis CRJU 1000 Dr. Huss November 14, 14 Should capital punishment/ death penalty be abolished in the United States? Many feel that the death penalty is immoral and question whether the state and federal government deserve the right to kill those whom it has imprisoned. On the other hand, those opposed feel that by not acting upon the death penalty communities would plunge in anarchy and that byRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Be Abolished1691 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: The death penalty has to be abolished if American society wishes to progress. I. Introduction The death penalty, or capital punishment, is an archaic and barbaric practice; a fallacy of the criminal justice system. II. In the history of death penalty tells the accounts of the dramatic change over four centuries III. Counter argument A. Justice is the leading argument of supporters of capital punishment B. Supporters of the death penalty argue that the death penalty provides retribution

The Revolution Is Us By David C. Stone - 1500 Words

The next portion of the paper analyses the film â€Å"The Revolution is Us† by David C. Stone. She criticizes this documentary by saying that it only tells a single story of what it means to be Cuban under the Revolution. In this instance she is referring to this Pacheco, who in the mind tells the story of what it means to be Cuban in the eyes of a manipulative government. Pacheco is a man who mentions that he would die for the revolution and feels that he in forever indented or at the service of the Revolution. Later on in this section Guerra mentions the â€Å"absence of all the most integrated Cubans from the collection deliberately provides tunnel vision into Cuban society; yet this is an advantage in that one sees citizen- deputies actively†¦show more content†¦Another point that she puts out in this section is the fact that the Ventor students (cuados) felt entitled enough to preform skits that were clearly satiring the communist youth. (give direct quotation t omorrow 229). This indicates clear class divisions and a more privileged youth that has been given the opportunity to not only have open dialogue about the revolution but also openly critize it without any real consequences because of this internalized message they because they are the revolution how can they be punished for doing the revolutionary act. The class divisions and a hierarchy continue to manifest itself towards the end of the section. At the top of page 331, it states, â€Å"irrevert counternarratives of struggle and authorship also pepper the films of La Columna Juvenil de Centenarsio. At the time of the snow visit, the Columna counted on 42,000 vounlteer, most of whom had signed up for two- to three-year contracts beginning in 1689. Throughout the films, the poverty of many columnistas’ backgrounds is apparent from their agrammatical style of speaking, missing front teeth, and often harsh, on camera instructions on personal hygiene and habits of these girl,â⠂¬  (331). Guerra is this instance sets up the facts of the documentary then looks past the typical propaganda that is trying to be promoted in the film and look at what the film is actually showing us. It is obvious from this analysis of the farming culture in Cuba that it has to trap peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Revolutionary Style Of Art1555 Words   |  7 Pageschange continuously, but the subject matter in all these art movements have a similar content. The subject matter we choose to talk about is the revolutionary style in these movement and how the artist in that art manner present his ideas about the revolution in his time. Neo Classicism The Neoclassical art came as a reaction to the silliness of the Rococo art style and to the emotion fullness of the Baroque art. Neoclassical art was a serious art and unemotional which was influenced by the ancientRead MoreA Short Note On The, Hindu God, Country Of India943 Words   |  4 PagesISLAND 20.20 Stone figures on Easter Island, a remote Polynesian island. Native Australians see the bond between themselves and nature as a close relationship established by creative beings in the mythical or Eternal Dreamtime. The Native American Hopis and Zunis identify invisible life force spirits as KACHINAS. P. 352 NATIVE NORTH AMERICA THE AMERICAS 20.38 Machu Picchu, Peru. Inca Culture. The INCA are known for their skill at building with huge, carefully cut and fitted stones, as seen inRead MoreEssay on The Effects of Technology on Society1697 Words   |  7 Pages Today we swim in a sea of ever-changing technology that affects us as much as our thoughts and actions shape it. The technology we have chosen, either by the preferences of those who use it, or the agendas of those who own and benefit from it, has had its own influence on us from gross examples such as increased pollution, or a higher Western-style standard of living, to the way one person perceives another. Some people who resist using some, or even all technology; they are often calledRead MoreSocial and Racial Tension in 1920s America Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pagesthe southern states, where the majority of the African American population resided, the notion of ‘white supremacy’ went unquestioned. Scarily enough, the KKK reached their hands into politics as well. In the state o f Indiana, the ‘Grand Wizard’, David Stephenson was politically powerful. It was also alleged that the Klan helped elect the governor of Maine, Colorado, and Louisiana in 1924. Moreover, on August 18th 1925 the Ku Klux Klan was able to parade down 40,000 men on Pennsylvania Avenue inRead MorePositives And Negatives Of The Internet2031 Words   |  9 Pagesdistribution and networking are just some of the aspects that have drastically changed the music scene since the arrival of the Internet. Has the Internet changed the music industry for the better or worse? In the early 1960s a computer scientist called J. C. R. Licklider proposed â€Å"the concept of a Galactic Network†. Investintech (2009) Licklider could see that having access to things like software, digital libraries and banking all on a global network could be revolutionary. This idea of a global networkRead MoreWhat Makes Modernism Modern?3042 Words   |  13 Pagesthe beautiful as it follows the acien rà ©gime, whereas Eugà ¨ne Delacroix s artwork, â€Å"Liberty Leading the People† was known as the ugly due to their completely opposition in social politics, one which is of nobility where the other was of democratic revolution. Gros’s piece was a portrait of a Duchess, Marie Thà ©rà ¨se of France, was radiant and urbane, the eldest child of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette. In the artwork, her posture indicates poise, dressed in exquisite white satin, perhaps suggesting herRead MoreEssay about Summary of History of Graphic Design by Meggs14945 Words   |à ‚  60 Pagescreated. - Two by-products of the rise of village culture were the ownership of property and the specialization of trades. - Egyptians used hieroglyphics. - The Rosetta Stone, which was created in 196 or 197 BC, contains writing in Egyptian Hieroglyphics, Egyptian Demotic Script, and Greek. The major deciphering of the stone was done by Jean-Francois Champollion. - As hieroglyphics presented more opportunities than cuneiform, the language was used for commercial documents, poetry, myths, etc†¦ Read MoreCounterculture - Research Paper3195 Words   |  13 Pageslittle sympathy among the older generation, which had experienced WWII and had problems understanding what the youth were rebelling against, as we can read in a Herald-Tribune article from 1968: â€Å"It is easy to say ‘Man, you laid this jazz on us,’ and blame us, but I think the depression and World War II were rougher [†¦]. They should do something constructive instead of letting their hair grow and saying, ‘Man this is all wrong†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢. 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Rethinking Poverty Free Essays

Esmeralda Johnson Dr. Douchant ECON 33065 May 2nd, 2018 Rethinking Poverty Introduction Despite the remarkable and noticeable progress since the Second World War in various parts of the world, severe poverty remains to be a concern in various regions in the globe. From the World Bank’s report of 2008, more than 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Rethinking Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4 billion people are living in poverty, which is under 1 dollar a day income (United Nations, 5). The world is facing very diverse challenges. Recently, crises of energy and food are making hundreds of millions to be susceptible to poverty and hunger. The world economic and financial crisis also is threatening to wipe out progress in the reduction of poverty, as climate change remains the main threat to the lives of the poor people. The negative outcome of the crises highlights an increased vulnerability to poverty, hence calling for some international poverty reduction (Karnani, np). It eventually underscores the need of rethinking strategies for poverty reduction, including the development paradigm. Background information on global poverty. Poverty is a key cause of undernourishment and hunger. From the 2009 research by the Food and Agriculture Organization, more than 960 million people are hungry people worldwide, representing more than 15 percent of the world population. Most of the hungry and undernourished individuals are in the poor countries nations. Poverty on its own is claiming more than 25 000 children every day, with the number also increasing all the time (United Nations, 5). These children die miserably in various parts of the earth. Also, more than 28 percent of the children in countries that are developing, are assumed and assessed to be stunted or underweight. More than 1 billion individuals in the unindustrialized countries lack access to sufficient water, while more than 2.6 billion individuals are under inadequate sanitation (United Nations, 6). When relating poverty and inequality, they have a close relationship, and inequality itself is rising worldwide at both the national and global levels. Over 81 percent of the global population lives in nations where there is an increase in the income differences. 40 percent which represents the poorest of the world population only contribute to 5% of the global income. Whereas, 20 percent which represents the rich are accounting for 75% of the global income (United Nations, 7). Multidimensional nature of poverty Poverty does no only entail lack of unsatisfied material needs or undernourishment. Other accompaniments include state of powerlessness. In the democratically organized nations, the poor people do not have a choice but to accept the political humiliations that they face. Since they feel ashamed of being unable to care and provide for their children, they lose hope with life, and they feel like they do not have anything to show beyond how they survive. From the 2000 Millennium Summit which was adopted during the United Nations Declaration, the leaders came up with some Millennium Development Goals (Karnani, np). The major goal was towards halving global poverty by 2015, which never worked so well even up to now. The progress towards meeting the target of reducing poverty has constantly been threatened by financial and economic crisis, which began during the Great Depression of the 1930s, which was a major hit to the world at a time it was recovering from the energy and food crises. The impact of poverty is mostly felt in the African countries, which depend on imported cereals, forming 80% of their dietary being imported (United Nations, 6). When poverty strikes, children are majorly affected. The children always suffer the health and education setbacks when such crises come. When the families shrink the household budgets, the parents are forced to pull their children to leave school, with girls being the first target as compared to boys. From the 2009 – 2015 report, it constantly shows that more than 1.5 to 2.8 million children, especially infants may die in case the crisis will persist (United Nations, 7). It is attestable that international energy, food, economic and financial predicaments are the main causes of poverty in the global regions. They reverse the progress which is achieved so far towards realizing the internationally agreed development goals towards eradicating poverty. Besides these cause, climate change poses another severe risk to the reduction of poverty as well as threatening in undoing the decades of laying development efforts (Brady et al. 751). The confrontational impacts of change in climate are much evident as natural tragedies become common and devastating with developing countries being much susceptible and prone to these effects. Major victims of poverty globally Although poverty is said to be a global phenomenon, it is evident that those who feel it most are the poor people as well as developing countries. These developing countries are prone to the climate change effects because their institutional and financial capability towards anticipating and responding to the adverse impacts of financial changes are greatly insufficient (Pearce, 122). Many of the sectors which are providing the basic services for livelihood to the poor people living in the developing countries are not able to deal with the current stresses and variability of climate changes in these particular countries. Poverty eradication as an ethical and moral imperative The eradication of poverty is considered to be both moral as well ethical imperative, with its course being the governing standards of United Nations. Living poverty and hunger-free life if considered to be among the fundamental freedoms and human rights that every individual need to enjoy, according to the â€Å"Universal Declaration of Human Rights†. Article 25, clause 1 of this Declaration states that any person has the right to living adequately both for health and wellbeing, and even the family when it comes to commodities like clothing, medical attention, clothes and basic needs. The United Nations’ General Assembly also recognizes extreme poverty is a great defilement of human privileges, including the right of living as well. Hence, one of the basic United Nations’ goals is towards promoting high living standards, with employment as well as social and economic development, as defined by the articles 55 and 56 of the same Declaration (United Nations, 8). Poverty is also the violation of some of the fundamental standards of social justice. Social justice, in its broad sense, emphasizes the key standards of non-segregation as well as fairness including the political, civic, cultural, economic and social rights. These principles, when rightly applied, will give rise to the socio-political priorities and reduce the vulnerability, segregation and discrimination development (Cobbinah et al. 28). The social justice has a requirement that every individual should have an equal living standard, and that those people who live in poverty should be receiving assistance and support in case they lack the means of living their lives of human dignity and worth. Growth, inequality and poverty eradication A successful and sustained reduction of poverty is fully dependent on the pace of a country’s development growth. Most of the East Asian countries have affirmed that poverty can be reduced. Most of the successful example of a quick reduction in poverty in this modern age, also confirms that the nations with equivalent delivery of its resources and revenue develop faster than the nations with high inequality degree. High smallholder’s output, investment of human capital, economies of scale are just by suggestive factors towards accounting the reason that great equality has a concision with fast growth. Rapid industrial investment expansion as well as jobs to enable the surplus labor to be absorbed also show a good experience on the reduction on poverty levels (Babcock, np). The continuing reduction of poverty in the East Asian region does not only depend on the results of unleashing the market powers. However, it lies in the states’ continual forge on the social contract. The contract was designed towards ensuring jobs expansion in the labor-intensive industries to employ the unskilled labor and reduce poverty. Also, the contract works towards effecting a shift to technologically demanding activities for competitive benefits in the international markets for future increased living standards. Rethinking of poverty currently Since the United Nations adopted the Millennium Declaration in 2000, various nations in Latin America and Africa have recognized a fast growth in economy, with benefits from high prices of commodities. Most of the developing countries are achieving macroeconomic stability, with a balance in their public finances. The investors are nowadays willing to invest in the developing countries, because the financial markets are thriving in liquidity. Foreign Direct Investment or FDI is on its rise, especially on the countries which are resource-rich, while the mining countries are still the advantage of the high prices of the minerals (Pearce, 124). The strong growth and development of countries like India and China help in reducing the global poverty rates, not only within themselves but also with the trading partners’ economies. The world strategy towards economic growth is essential in the reduction of poverty. Those convinced that economic growth is offering the better way towards reducing poverty and the benefit of the poor from globalization would make the world a better place. However, the main problem is with the crises in food and energy as well as global economic and financial crisis. As per now, the World Bank has revised the â€Å"dollar-a-day† methodology as well as the poverty estimates (Babcock, np). The world has come to the point of accepting the poverty reduction is something complex and needs conventional wisdom. Hence it calls for a more oriented and progressive state of activism and universality, rather than selectivity towards the social policy. Conclusion There is also hope that through the highlight of moral obligation to handle poverty as a human right and fundamental, social spending problem will be automatically resisted at this time of economic hardship. However, the ultimate role of handling poverty as well as climate change is lying on the hands of governments. The developed words must play their role to support the developing countries’ efforts in achieving the globally agreeable developmental goals towards ensuring there is an establishment of an inclusive, peaceful and prosperous world which is free from poverty, hunger, deprivation, and indignity. How to cite Rethinking Poverty, Papers

Report to World Music Ensemble Essay Example For Students

Report to World Music Ensemble Essay It was the first concert I had since I have been to Kent. This concert is called World Music Ensemble, which is include some Thai music, Chinese Gunning music, traditional Irish music, and music from Africa. I felt really excited because this concert include many types of music. There were two programs attract me deeply. First of all, Yanking Sandier with Chinese Gunning drew my attention. There are some reasons, maybe the biggest reasons is I can understand the lyric. The lyric is changed from an ancient poem of Wee Wang. As I know Wang, whose nickname was Poet Buddha, was a Tang Dynasty Chinese poet. This poem is talking about Wang send Off friend, who has been appointed envoy to the west lands. The early morning shower in Wee city has kept down dust, and the guesthouse looks trim and the willows fresh and green. Wang urged his friend to have one more drink for the road, because out west, beyond Fort Handgun, his friend has no one to turn to. Another reason is this program made me a little sad because I remember when I left China, I said goodbye to my parents and friends at the airport. The music is played by Gunning, Gunning is also known as an elegant instrument in China. The rhythm accord with the lyric, made me feel mommies. Another program attracted me a lot is the Palm Wine Guitar. I had a particular complex when I was a child. Every time when I heard the sound of guitar, I feel extreme peace and smooth in my emotion, for me, I call that magic sound. The deep voice of human, and the light sound of the guitar, made me feel unbelievable. Moreover, I also enjoyed the dance which was amazing and energetic. People whatever their nationalities were all can feel the passion. With the drum beat, we could not help our selves to move our bodies. The bright, swirling dresses add to the spectacle, and elicit cries of encouragement from the spectators. Then performers and audiences chorused, the lyric was founded in the programs guide, it was easy to sing and catch. The auditorium was full to overflowing. Perhaps the performers are not the most professional, but they showed the best to us, I learned a lot from this concert, it catcher my emotion. When I heart Thai music I felt familiar because I learned it; when I heard Gunning, I felt homesick; when I heart guitar, I felt relaxed; when I saw the dance, I felt full of passion; and when I listened the history of South Africa, I was touched. That is why I said this concert is unique. Report to World Music Ensemble By bodied